Secularity in Sweden is ambiguous. Even though it may be considered as a particularly secular context, the religious and the secular in Sweden can be described as intertwined. This could explain some of the contradictions and paradoxes in the Swedish religious landscape. Sweden is often thought of as a secularized country, sometimes as the most secularized in the world. Indeed, if believing in God and going to church are central features of religiosity, Sweden may be described as an exceptionally secular context. For example, when compared to other countries, church attendance in Sweden is extremely low. In the large quantitative study known as ‘World Value Survey’ (2010-2014), in which scholars have measured what people have consider to have been important values over the past decades, only 3 % of Swedes answered that they attend church every week.

A country, which has two established churches, the Church of England and the Church of Scotland, does not seem to be a propitious setting for secularism to flourish. To this point can be added a number of other matters that seem to be inimical to the idea that secularism can prevail in the United Kingdom. There is, for example, the fact that large numbers of State schools in the present day continue to have partly religious foundations, historically once solely Christian or Jewish but now also including the Muslim, Hindu and Sikh faiths. Equally there the fact that one of the established churches, the Church of England, has the legal right, which it exercises, to have bishops and archbishops as members of the House of Lords, one of the two chambers of the United Kingdom Parliament. 

Vatican

"Dans sa lettre à Mgr Rino Fisichella sur le Jubilé de la miséricorde (8 décembre 2015-20 novembre 2016), le pape François annonce avoir décidé 'nonobstant toute chose contraire, d'accorder à tous les prêtres, pour l'Année jubilaire, la faculté d'absoudre du péché d'avortement tous ceux qui l'ont provoqué et qui, le cœur repenti, en demandent pardon'" — L'avortement pourra être pardonné pendant le Jubilé (Zenit, InfoCatho) 

"L'absolution reçue en se confessant aux prêtres de la Fraternité Saint-Pie X sera 'valide' et 'licite' pendant le Jubilé, déclare le pape François dans la lettre qu'il adresse à Mgr Fisichella pour l'année jubilaire de la miséricorde, rapporte l'agence Zenit" — Le geste de François envers les Lefebvristes (A.B. avec Zenit, La Vie) 

Though the quantity of studies on religious/non-religious tendencies in today's Portugal is not overly abundant outside the Catholic remit, available are official and other reliable statistical data, and a number of well-structured analyses thereof, providing insights into the religious phenomenon in this country. Notwithstanding, the main issue is whether the more recent, few-decades-spanning information is by itself sufficient for supporting medium to long-term tendencies anticipation in this domain. This text takes the view that the Portuguese national historical context may to a good extent explain the degree of observed trend stability as regards religions-secularism in the country. The Portuguese law of religious freedom dates just from 2001. Signs are that only now an effective multiplication of creeds is underway, whose future impact cannot yet be soundly discerned.