Secularity in Sweden is ambiguous. Even though it may be considered as a particularly secular context, the religious and the secular in Sweden can be described as intertwined. This could explain some of the contradictions and paradoxes in the Swedish religious landscape. Sweden is often thought of as a secularized country, sometimes as the most secularized in the world. Indeed, if believing in God and going to church are central features of religiosity, Sweden may be described as an exceptionally secular context. For example, when compared to other countries, church attendance in Sweden is extremely low. In the large quantitative study known as ‘World Value Survey’ (2010-2014), in which scholars have measured what people have consider to have been important values over the past decades, only 3 % of Swedes answered that they attend church every week.

L’Institut WIN/Gallup International vient de publier récemment les résultats d’une étude intéressant les croyances religieuses, fondée sur une enquête menée auprès de plusieurs dizaines de milliers de personnes dans soixante-cinq pays, et ce sur les cinq continents. Selon ce tout nouveau sondage, dont la presse s’est largement fait l’écho, six personnes sur dix dans le monde (63 %) manifestent leur appartenance à un groupe religieux, alors que deux sur dix (22 %) se considèrent comme étant non-religieuses. Plus d’une sur dix (11 %) enfin, se proclame quant à elle athée convaincue. Mais les écarts sont marqués, et de manière considérable, dès lors que l’on différencie les situations suivant les régions de la planète…

Spain has undergone deep transformations in the religious field since the democratic transition initiated after the death of Franco in 1978. This article provides a general overview of the main changes that occurred both in the religious landscape and in public policy governing religious diversity. After describing the broad societal transformations that have shaped the State’s relations with organised religious communities, this paper will provide a more exhaustive account of the current religious configuration of the country. It will then outline the primary ways in which the State conducts governance of religious diversity, followed by a more detailed description of the situation of religious education.